Lay, D. C., Friend, T. H., Randel, R. D. et al. 1992. Does maternal deprivation affect a calf's physiological and behavioral reactions to later stress? Journal of Animal Science 70(Supplement 1), 162 (Abstract).

Calves separated from their dams at 21 days of age were found to show a significantly higher stress response [cortisol, heart rate] to later stress than those left with their dams until weaning.

Year

1992