Canadian Council on Animal Care, Olfert, E. D., Cross, B. M. et al. 1993. Guide to the Care and Use of Experimental Animals, Volume 1, 2nd Edition [Dogs]. Canadian Council on Animal Care, Ottawa, Canada.

A thorough guide to the species-appropriate housing and handling of dogs. Unless contra-indicated by the protocol, medical condition, or the animal's aggressiveness, dogs should be paired or group housed with conspecifics in cages or runs, with space adequate for active normal behaviour. ... Unsocialized dogs are fearful of people, may become 'fear-biters,' are difficult to catch and restrain, and may have physiological variability incompatible with some scientific studies. These manifestations are de facto evidence of distress and poor well-being. .... Resting boards made of non-conductive, non-permeable materials should be provided to permit animals to escape the floor, especially when temperature control and wetting may be a problem. ... If dogs must be housed singly, they should be in visual, auditory and olfactory contact with others in the room.