Barnett, J. L., Hemsworth, P. H., Cronin, G. M. et al. 1992. Effects of pen size, partial stalls and method of feeding on welfare-related behavioural and physiological responses in group-housed pigs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 34, 207-202.

There may be welfare advantages of housing pigs in pens with partial stalls both in the short term, on the basis of reduced aggression, and in the long term by also feeding in the partial stalls, on the basis of reduced aggression, decreased free cortisol concentrations and increased immunological responsiveness. Housing with increased space allowance has a welfare advantage in the long term, on the basis of reduced cortisol concentrations and increased immunological responsiveness.