Bound, V., Shewman, H., Sievert, J. 1988. The successful introduction of five male lion-tailed macaques (Macaca silenus) at Woodland Park Zoo. American Zoo and Aquarium Association (AZA) Regional Conference Proceedings, 122-131.

Male lion-tailed macaques (Macaca silenus) are notoriously aggressive and thus, few attempts have been made to house them together as adults. At Woodland Park Zoo in Seattle we had five surplus males with which we were able to successfully form an all-male troop. Four of the five males had spent significant amounts of time together, and the fifth male had spent three years in a group with the oldest of the other four. All five had grown up in a large group with an adult male, several adult females and numerous juveniles and infants. Group formation protocol is described. Success seems most likely when the males have grown up together before they fully mature.