Roonwal, M. L. , Mohnot, S. M. 1977. Primates of South Asia - Ecology, Sociobiology, and Behavior. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.

Macaca arctoides lives in dense forests and near cultivated land and villages. ... It is fairly terrestrial but spends a great deal of time in tress, which it ascends for the sake of food or safety and in which it sleeps.... Ten to 45 minutes before darkness sets in they [the macaques] are near or in the trees where they sleep. In Malay and Borneo it [long-tailed macaque] generally prefers to move among the trees rather than walk on the ground and largely feeds in the canopy. When frightened, it runs away through the treetops. Bonnet macaques spend the night in sleeping trees. A few selected places in the range were used as core areas where the macaques spent much time, were more relaxed, and had few aggressive actions. These areas were marked by the presence of many tall trees, including the roosting trees. In bonnet macaques weaning occurs when the infant is 8-12 months old. In Malaya, pig-tailed macaques remain in the highest trees after dark and during the early morning and late evening. Lion-tailed macaque moves to the top of high trees and remains motionless whenever an observer arrives: it very rarely comes down to the ground in an observer's presence. ... It mainly stays in trees when feeding and resting. In Presbytis entellus weaning occurs when the infant is about 11-15 months old.